Where to look
Every record is public. Federal awards, forecasts, contract histories, supplier portals, regulations. None of it is hidden.
The problem is knowing where to look. Most companies start with the agency whose name matches their work and stop there. Federal energy contracts are bought by Defense, Interior, Veterans Affairs, Agriculture, Homeland Security, and more, most of it in places a company has no reason to check.
What you are looking at
The harder problem is knowing what you are seeing.
Small businesses won 4.57% of the Department of Energy's contract dollars. Accurate, and it is why companies write the agency off.
That 4.57% is billions of dollars in contracts won by small businesses over four years. And it only counts contracts DOE awarded directly.
DOE does not run the majority of its own laboratories and sites. It pays large companies to operate them, and DOE reports that roughly 80% of its annual procurement runs through those contractors.
Those companies then buy their own equipment, materials, and services from other businesses. That purchasing is real and substantial, and it does not appear in federal award data at all.
That is one agency. The same misreading happens across the market.